In Verrem (‘Against Verres’) II - Forensic speech
De imperio Cn. Pompei -Deliberative speech
In Catilinam (‘Against Catiline’) I -Epideictic speech
In Catilinam (‘Against Catiline’) I -Epideictic speech
In Catilinam (‘Against Catiline’) II -Deliberative speech
In Catilinam (‘Against Catiline’) III -Deliberative speech
In Catilinam (‘Against Catiline’) IV -Deliberative speech
Pro Marcello (‘For Marcellus’) -Epideictic speech
Philippic II -Epideictic speech
Arpinum
Cicero 106-43 BC
1st case-> age of 25, Pro Quinctio
2nd case -> age of 26, Pro Roscio Amerino
3rd case-> Arretium
age of 30, quaster at Rome-> member of senate
4th case->age of 35, Verres
age of 36, plebeian aedile
age of 39, praetor
1st deliberative speech-> age of 40, De imperio Cn. Pompei (Pro lege Manilia)
2nd speech-> age of 40, Pro Cluentio
age of 42, consulship
3rd speeches->De lege agraria
5th case-> age of 44, Pro Murena
age of 44, he was viewed as the leading senator present
4th speech-> age of 44,Pro Sulla
5th speech-> age of 44,Pro Archia
6th speeches-> age of 46, In Catalinam
age of 48-> exile in Macedonia (18 months)
age of 49-> recalled to Rome
6th speeches->age of 50, Post reditum in senatu, Post reditum ad quirites
7th speeches->age of 50, De domo sua, De haruspicum responsis
8th speech-> age of 50, Pro Sestio
6th case-> age of 50, Pro Caelio
7th case->age of 54, Pro Milone ->oratorical masterpiece
age of 56-> governor of Cilicia, Asia Minor
9th speech-> age of 60, Pro Marcello
10th speech->age of 60, Pro Ligarius
11th speech->age of 61, Pro rege Deiotaro
12th speech-> age of 63 1st-4th Philippic
7th case->age of 54, Pro Milone ->oratorical masterpiece
age of 56-> governor of Cilicia, Asia Minor
9th speech-> age of 60, Pro Marcello
10th speech->age of 60, Pro Ligarius
11th speech->age of 61, Pro rege Deiotaro
12th speech-> age of 63 1st-4th Philippic
Cicero's orations..the style is 'periodic'...In periodic style the most important part of the period is the end, the beginning is the second most important...
"...Gaius Verres, a man already convicted, according to universal public opinion, by his character and actions, but already acquitted, according to his own hopes and assertions, by his immense wealth." In Verrem 1
"If you pronounce a fair and scrupulous verdict against this man, you will hold on the influence which ought by rights to be yours.But if on the other hand his colossal wealth succeeds in destroying the scrupulousness and fairness of the courts, then I shall achieve at least one thing - a recognition that the country had the wrong jurors, and not that the jurors had the wrong defendant, or the defendant the wrong prosecutor." In Verrem 1
"...he adds that there is nothing so sacred that money cannot corrupt it, and nothing so well defended that money cannot overthrow it." In Verrem 1
"I am therefore much more frightened of being thought to have missed out many of his crimes than to have made any up." In Verrem 1
"He confronts me with empty names of nobility, in other words of arrogant aristocrats, who do not so much damage my case by their nobility as help it by their notoriety." In Verrem 1
"This is a trial in which you will be passing verdict on the defendant, but the Roman people will also be passing verdict on you." In Verrem 1
"...immense wealth is far more likely to increase the suspicion of a criminal's guilt than to provide him with a means of acquittal." In Verrem 1
"In this trial, both the reward of glory and the risk of unpopularity ought, I think, to belong to you; the anxiety and hard work should belong to me; but the knowledge of what is done here and the memory of what was said by both parties should belong to the whole of the general public." In Verrem 1
"...Gaius Verres, a man already convicted, according to universal public opinion, by his character and actions, but already acquitted, according to his own hopes and assertions, by his immense wealth." In Verrem 1
"If you pronounce a fair and scrupulous verdict against this man, you will hold on the influence which ought by rights to be yours.But if on the other hand his colossal wealth succeeds in destroying the scrupulousness and fairness of the courts, then I shall achieve at least one thing - a recognition that the country had the wrong jurors, and not that the jurors had the wrong defendant, or the defendant the wrong prosecutor." In Verrem 1
"...he adds that there is nothing so sacred that money cannot corrupt it, and nothing so well defended that money cannot overthrow it." In Verrem 1
"I am therefore much more frightened of being thought to have missed out many of his crimes than to have made any up." In Verrem 1
"He confronts me with empty names of nobility, in other words of arrogant aristocrats, who do not so much damage my case by their nobility as help it by their notoriety." In Verrem 1
"This is a trial in which you will be passing verdict on the defendant, but the Roman people will also be passing verdict on you." In Verrem 1
"...immense wealth is far more likely to increase the suspicion of a criminal's guilt than to provide him with a means of acquittal." In Verrem 1
"In this trial, both the reward of glory and the risk of unpopularity ought, I think, to belong to you; the anxiety and hard work should belong to me; but the knowledge of what is done here and the memory of what was said by both parties should belong to the whole of the general public." In Verrem 1
"Are you trying to hide his thefts, his robberies, his greed, his cruelty, his arrogance, his criminality behind his great achievements and his glory as a general?" In Verrem II.5
"..it is impossible that he should be acquitted without many people breaking law themselves." In Verrem II.5
"What now remains to be judged is not my honour, since that has been proved, nor Verres conduct, since that has been condemned: it is the jurors, an, to tell the truth, it is yourself." In Verrem II.5
"...a subject on which it is more difficult to finish speaking than to begin." De imperio Cn Pompei
"...a subject on which it is more difficult to finish speaking than to begin." De imperio Cn Pompei
"Believe me, and believe the evidence of your own eyes!" De imperio Cn Pompei
"...citizens, was that since I was holding this high office which you were kind enough to bestow upon me, I had a duty to put your wishes, the dignity of Rome, and the security of our provinces and allies before considerations of my own interest." De imperio Cn Pompei
"I am much more vigilant in defence of the country than you are for its destruction." In Catalinam 1
"They agree, and say nothing.Why then do you hold out for a spoken decision, when you can clearly see their silent preference?" In Catalinam 1
"I have always been of the opinion that unpopularity earned by doing what is right is not unpopularity at all, but glory." In Catalinam 1
"I shudder only at the risks to which all humans are subject, the uncertainty of good health, and the frailty of our bodily constitution - and I grieve at the fact that our country, which ought to be immortal, is dependent on the life of a single mortal." Pro Marcello
"When you have both discharged your obligations to your country and satisfied nature herself with your full fill of life, say, if you wish, that you have lived long enough." Pro Marcello
"If nearly twenty years ago in this very temple I declared that death could not be ultimely for a man who had reached the consulship, with how much more truth could I now say 'for an old man'? In fact, for me, conscript fathers, death is actually desirable now that I have discharged the responsibilities of the offices I attained and completed the tasks I undertook." Philippic II
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